Spiral Wound Gasket

The Spiral wound gaskets are specifically used  in critical operating conditions and also in high pressure range applications  due to their specific characteristics profile. The spiral wound gaskets are well-suited for Fluctuating/alternating loads accompanied with component expansion differences in addition to the high temperature limits ie [450 °C for graphite, higher temperatures also possible depending on the design of gasket] and the pressure operating limit ie [320 bar]. Spiral wound gaskets easily balance these differences while also exhibiting very low leakage rates.

Spiral wound gaskets does comply with TA Luft 2002 [VDI 2440/2200] standards and the proof for VDI 2290 can also be supplied if required. The targeted selection of filler/spiral material components and variation in the set-up of gasket allows the gasket system to adjust to the requirements of different media and varying operating conditions. The “Minimum Stress” [MS] version of gasket, which is optimized with regards to the design as well as construction should be used for flanges as per ASME B16.5 standards [e.g. Class 150 lbs.] or for the flange connections that are not suitable for standard spiral wound gaskets which  follows ASME B16.20 standards, because of bolt forces.

Spiral-wound gaskets uses a mix of metallic spiral material and “filler material” generally the gasket has a chosen carbon rich or stainless steel metal, wound outwards in a circle shape ( other shapes are also possible but this is the primary) with the filler non metallic material ie generally a flexible graphite/PTFE , starting at the opposite side of circle and parallely winding in the same direction which leads to a  circle growing with alternating layers of filler material and metal. These spiral wound gaskets have proven to be most reliable in almost all applications and although they are more expensive than solid material but do not require such high bolt forces to be proven effective. This is possibly because the graphite is the one which makes the primary seal with the flange and the metal only acting to keep the gasket structurally sound.

A constant seating stress gasket, which was introduced in 2005, reflects a revolutionary advancement in designing of gaskets. These gaskets consists of two components ie a solid carrier ring of a any suitable material, such as stainless steel, along with two sealing elements of any compressible material which is installed within the two opposing channels,with one channel on either side of the carrier ring. These filler/ sealing elements are  made from materials such as (expanded graphite , CAF/AF Strips, expanded polytetraflouroethylene (PTFE), vermiculite etc) which is suitable to the application. These Constant seating stress gaskets get their name from the fact that the carrier ring or the profile takes flange rotation (deflection under bolt preload) into consideration. while all other conventional gaskets, when the flange fasteners/bolts are tightened, the flanges deflects radially under the load, which results  in the greatest  compression of gasket, and highest stress at the outer edge of gasket . Now since the carrier is ring used in the constant seating stress gaskets, it takes this deflection into account and while creating the carrier ring for a given size of flange,  class of pressure and material, the ring profile can be adjusted which enables the gasket seating stress to be distributed radially uniformly across the entire sealing area. Further, since these sealing/filler materials are fully confined by the flange faces in opposite channels on the carrier ring, any kind of in-service compressive force acting on the gasket will be transmitted through the gaskets carrier ring and will avoid any further compression of these sealing elements, thus maintaining a ‘constant’ gasket seating stress while in-service. Hence, this gasket is immune to the common gasket failures which includes creep relaxation, high system vibration, or system thermal cycles. The fundamental concept underlying the improved seal ability for constant seating stress gaskets are that (i) if the flange sealing surfaces are capable of attaining a seal, (ii) the sealing elements are compatible with the process fluid and application, and (iii) the sufficient gasket seating stress is achieved on installation necessary to affect a seal, then the possibility of the gasket leaking in-service is greatly reduced or eliminated altogether.

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